27th Oct, 2015, Greece may face a similar to 1922 refugees’ crisis amid critical economic challenges

• According to International Organization for Migration, approximately 48,000 refugees arrived in Greek islands within 5 days (up to October 21^st). Greece’s Tsipras agreed on EU’s plan to increase Greece’s capacity to 50,000 refugees by end 2015.

• According to Spiegel, there was an initial proposal to Greek government concerning the creation of a mega-camp of 50,000 refugees at Athens’ Olympic campus. However, eventually there was an agreement that Greece will increase its capacity up to 50,000 refugees by end 2015, and EU will subsidy the rent for 20,000 refugees.

• There is still a disagreement as regards the reimbursement of 2 bios euros by end October. Press linkages suggest that this will occur in November and after the completion of banks’ recapitalisation. In addition, Greece needs to meet its December’s obligations to IMF, which amount 1.2 bios euros.

• Greece’s government published the ministerial decree regarding the implementation of a law which was voted in August, concerning the gradual decree of age of retirement to 62 years with 40 years of insurance contribution or 67 years with fewer years of contributions.

• According to Greek government’s spokeswoman Gerovassili, there is still a 700 mios euros shortfall for pensions for 2015 and 2016. Although the Greek government insists that there will be cuts in pensions about the threshold of 1,000 euros, there are many publications which refer to pension cuts below this threshold. In addition, the Greek government brought to the table of negotiations, the further increase of employers’ contributions.

• ECB will announced the results of Greek Banks’ stress tests this Saturday October 31^st, at 11.30 am Athens time. This increases the pressure to the Greek government to submit the recapitalisation bill by Friday. As a reminder, this bill should have been ratified by mid –October. A number of reports have been published which estimate that the Greek Banks will need approximately 5-7 bios injection of private funds.

• According to various banks’ analysts, the total number will reach the level of 15 bios which could be reduced below the level of 10 bios euros, if banks implement their restructuring plans.

• According to Hellenic Asset Development Fund’s Pitsiorlas, the SYRIZA’s government will push ahead its ambitious privatisation plan which amounts 3.5 bios euros in 2016. At the moment, there are major two projects, which concern a) the privatisation of 14 regional airports to Fraport and b) Port of Piraeus which could be completed by year-end.    

Risk assessment. I remain on my previous estimates that the impact of capital controls will be less than it was initially expected,  and this will facilitate the recapitalisation of Greek Banks. In addition, the probability that Tsipras won't fulfil all his commitments which are included in the 3rd MoU, remains low.

However, there is another factor which gradually plays more significant role, enhances Greece's negotiation power, geopolitical role and if it is handled effectively by the Greek Government, then it could be used as the mean for EU funds' transfer to the Greek economy, the debt's relief and return to sustainable economic trajectory. I'm referring to the ongoing refugees' crisis.

Greece’s leftist government doesn’t face only a series of critical deadlines concerning Banks’ recapitalisation and EU reimbursements to meet obligations to IMF, but also the most significant refugees’ crisis since 1922, when almost 2 million refugees from Minor Asia fled to its territory.

Although there are significant risks associated with refugees’ crisis, if Greek government manage the situation in a constructive way and integrate those refugees in its social net there will be benefits to local economy and society.

In addition, there will be a need for additional workforce when local economy will return to growth trajectory. The question is ‘how this need for labour force is justified by the current high unemployment rate of 25%?’

The main reason is that Greece faces significant demographic crisis, which has not only impacted economic activity but has almost derailed its pension system. This crisis was further deteriorated  due to the ongoing crisis which forced thousands of Greeks to relocate to other EU countries. This relocation was partially due to economic cycle and partially due to skill mismatch. For instance,  according to World Health Organization, Greece holds the second position globally as regards the number of doctors per 10,000 citizens (62 out of 10,000 when it is 35 at EU level). And this contributed to the overall bubble of local economy which busted in 2009.  

Needless to say that structural problems of local educational system combined with cultural problems, unlimited access to borrowing money and black economy resulted to the creation of a scientific ‘proletariat’.

Last but not least, it is highly unlikely that refugees’ inclusion to local social net, will be handled by local state structures. Considering the ongoing restructuring of state sector, it will be extremely difficult to Greece’s state sector to handle such extremely high burden, which is not only associated to capacity issues but to cultural issues as well. It is highly likely that international organisations will be highly involved in matters related to refugees as it happened in 1922 national disaster.